References

Abe S, and Suzuki N, (2006), ‘Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Complex-network description of seismicity’, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics: 145-150.
ARMONIA (2007), Assessing and mapping multiple risks for spatial planning: approaches, methodologies and tools in Europe.

Asprone D, Jalayer F, Prota A, and Manfredi G, (2010), ‘Proposal of a probabilistic model for multi-hazard risk assessment of structures in seismic zones subjected to blast for the limit state of collapse’,Structural Safety; 32 (1): 25-34.

Baum BRL, Savage WZ, and Godt JW, (2002), ‘TRIGRS — A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis’, Program.

Bell R, and King A (2007), ‘Risk from natural hazards’, Water; 15(3): 24-25.

Bell RG, Reese S, and King AB (2007), ‘Regional RiskScape : A multi-hazard loss modelling tool’,Proceedings: Coastal Communities Natural Disaster, Auckland, 17-18 April 2007.

Berz G, Kron W, Loster T, Rauch E, and Schimetschek J (2001), ‘World Map of Natural Hazards – A Global View of the Distribution and Intensity of Significant Exposures’, Natural Hazards: 443-465.

Birkmann J. (2007), ‘Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales: Applicability, usefulness and policy implications’, Environmental Hazards; 7 (1): 20-31.

Bommer JJ, and Rodrıguez CE (2002), ‘Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America’, Engineering Geology; 63: 189 - 220.

Bovolo IC, Abele SJ, and Bathurst JC, (2009), ‘A distributed framework for multi-risk assessment of natural hazards used to model the effects of forest fire on hydrology and sediment yield’, Computers & Geosciences; 35 (5): 924-945.

Bryant, (2005), Natural Hazards, 2^nd ed., Cambridge University Press, New York.

Bullock S, and Cliff D, (2004), ‘Complexity and Emergent Behaviour in ICT Systems’.

Buzna L, Peters K, Ammoser H,and  Helbing D (2007), ‘Efficient response to cascading disaster spreading’, Physical Review E: 1-7.

Buzna L, Peters K, and Helbing D (2006), ‘Modelling the dynamics of disaster spreading in network’,Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications; 363 (1): 132-140.

Cardona OD (2005), ‘A System of Indicators for Disaster Risk Management in the Americas’.

Cardona OD, (2010), ‘CAPRA : Measuring the Unmeasurable’.

Carpignano A, Golia E, Di Mauro C, Bouchon S, and Nordvik J-P (2009), ‘A methodological approach for the definition of multi-risk maps at regional level: first application’, Journal of Risk Research; 12 (3): 513-534.

Carro M, De Amicis M, Luzi L, and Marzorati S (2003), ;’The application of predictive modelling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: the case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria–Marche earthquake (Italy)’, Engineering Geology; 69 (1-2): 139-159.

Chang K, Chiang S, and Hsu M (2007), ‘Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression’, Geomorphology; 89 (3-4): 335-347.

Chen Y, Fan KS, and Chen L, (2010), ‘Human and Ecological Risk Assessment : An International Journal Requirements and Functional Analysis of a Multi-Hazard Disaster-Risk Analysis System Requirements and Functional Analysis’, Science And Technology.

Choun Y-S, and Elnashai AS (2010), ‘A simplified framework for probabilistic earthquake loss estimation’, Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics; 25 (4): 355-364.

Comfort L, Wisner B, Cutter S, (1999), ‘Reframing disaster policy : the global evolution of vulnerable communities’ New York; 1:39-44.

De Pippo T, Donadio C, Pennetta M, Petrosino C, Terlizzi F, and Valente A (2008), ‘Coastal hazard assessment and mapping in Northern Campania, Italy’, Geomorphology : 97 : 451-466.

Delmonaco G, Margottini C, and Spizzichino D (2007), ‘ARMONIA methodology for multi-risk assessment and the harmonisation of different natural risk map’, Applied Multi-Risk Mapping of Natural Hazards for Impact Assessment; Deliverable 3.1.1.

Dilley M, Chen S, Lerner-Lam A, (2005a), ‘Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis’, The World Bank and Columbia University.

Dilley M, Agwe J, Buys P, Kjekstad O, and Lyon B (2005b), ‘Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis: Synthesis Report’, Earth Science.

EM-DAT (2009), EM-DAT: Criteria and Definition. Available at: http://www.emdat.be/criteria-and-definition [Accessed 20 December 2010]

EU (2011), ‘Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management’, EU Commission Staff Working Paper; SEC(2010) 1626 final.

FEMA (2009a), HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical Manual: Flood Model.

FEMA (2009b), HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical Manual: Hurricane Model.

FEMA (2011), HAZUS Application for International Use. Available at: http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz_models_intl.shtm [Accessed 17 February 2011]

GFDRR, (2009), GFDRR Case Study: Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA), Available at: www.gfdrr.org/docs/snapshot_CAPRA.pdf [Accessed 22/04/11]

Gheytanchi A, Joseph L, Gierlach E, et al. (2007), ‘The dirty dozen: twelve failures of the hurricane katrina response and how psychology can help’, The American Psychologist; 62 (2): 118-30.

Giardini D, Grunthal G, Shedlock K, and Zhang P (1999), ‘The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map’.

Glass RJ, Conrad SH, Kaplan PG, Brodsky NS, and Brown TJ (2008), ‘Complexity Science: Implications for Critical Infrastructures’, Physical Review.

Globerson A, Stark E, Vaadia E, and Tishby N (2008), ‘The minimum information principle and its application to neural code analysis’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; 106 (9): 3490-5.

Globerson A, Stark E, Vaadia E, and Tishby N (2008), ‘The minimum information principle and its application to neural code analysis’, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 106 (9): 3490–3495.

Glouberman S, Campsie P, Gemar M, and Miller G (2003), ‘A Toolbox for Improving Health in Cities : A Discussion Paper by Health (San Francisco)’.

Golden, J., E. Tollerud, A. Negri and R. Updike (2003) ‘The hurricane-flood-landslide continuum—forecasting hurricane effects at landfall’. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 10–14 November. Honolulu, HI. US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO. pp. 1–4.

Greiving S (2006), ‘Integrated Risk Assessment of Multi-Hazards: A New Methodology’, In Natural and Technological Hazards and Risks Affecting the Spatial Development of European Regions, ed. P Schmidt-Thome, Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper 42, 75-82.

Grezio A, Marzocchi W, Sandri L, and Gasparini P (2009), ‘A Bayesian procedure for Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment’, Natural Hazards; 53 (1): 159-174.

Hagemeier-Klose M, and Wagner K (2009), ‘Evaluation of flood hazard maps in print and web mapping services as information tools in flood risk communication’, Natural Hazards and Earth System Science; 9 (2): 563-574.

Hansson SO (2005), ‘Seven Myths of Risk’, Risk Management; 7 (2): 7-17.

Helbing D, and Kuhnert C (2003), ‘Assessing interaction networks with applications to catastrophe dynamics and disaster management’, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications; 328 (3-4): 584-606.

Helbing, D., Ammoser, H. and Kühnert, C. (2005), ‘Disasters as extreme events and the importance of network interactions for disaster response management’, in S. Albeverio, V. Jentsch and H. Kantz (Eds.)The Unimaginable and Unpredictable: Extreme Events in Nature and Society, Berlin: Springer, pp.319–348.

Hinkel J (2011), ‘“Indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity”: Towards a clarification of the science–policy interface’ Global Environmental Change; 21 (1): 198-208.

IADB (2005), ‘Indicators of Disaster Risk and Risk Management: Summary Report for WCDR’, Inter-American Development Bank.

ISDR (2009), The Central American Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) initiative. Available at: http://www.eird.org/eng/revista/no-16-2009/art21.html [Accessed 28 April 2011]

Jablonowski M (2005), ‘High-Risk Decisions When Probabilities Are Unknown (or Irrelevant)’, Risk Management; 7 (3): 57-61.

Janssen M (1998), ‘Use of Complex Adaptive Systems for Modeling Global Change’, Ecosystems; 1 (5): 457-463.

Jibson BRW, Harp EL, Michael JA, and Stop M (1998), ‘A Method for Producing Digital Probabilistic Seismic Landslide Hazard Maps : An Example from the Los Angeles , California’, Area Open-File Report 98-113; Area.

Jibson RW, Harp EL, and Michael JA (2000), ‘A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps’, Engineering Geology; 58: 271-289.

Johnson J (2006), ‘Can Complexity Help Us Better Understand Risk?’, Risk Management; 8 (4): 227-267.

Kamp U, Growley B, Khattak G, and Owen L (2008), ‘GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region’, Geomorphology; 101 (4): 631-642.

Kappes M, Keiler M, and Glade T (2010a), ‘The Relevance of Multi-Hazard Risk Analyses for Risk Reduction in a Dynamic World’, Proceedings of the 2010 Summer Institute for Advanced Study of Hazard and Risk.

Kappes M, Keiler M, and Glade T (2010b), ‘From Single- to Multi-Hazard Risk Analyses : a concept addressing emerging challenges’, In Mountain Risks: Bringing Science to Society, ed.s J-P Malet, T Glade and N Casagli, Proceedings of the ‘Mountain Risks’ International Conference, Nov 2010.

Kappes, M, Keiler, M, Elverfeldt, K, and Glade, T (2012), "Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review", Nat Hazards.
Keefer DK (1984), ‘Geological Society of America Bulletin Landslides caused by earthquakes’, Geological Society Of America Bulletin.

Keefer DK (2000), ‘Statistical analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution — the 1989 Loma Prieta, California event’, Engineering Geology; 58: 231-249.

King A, and Bell R (2006), ‘Riskscape New Zealand - A Multihazard Loss Modelling Tool’, NZSEE Conference 2006.

Kircher C a, Whitman RV, and Holmes WT (2006), ‘HAZUS Earthquake Loss Estimation Methods’, Natural Hazards Review; 7 (2): 45.

Kirschbaum DB, Adler R, Hong Y, Hill S, and Lerner-Lam A (2009), ‘A global landslide catalog for hazard applications: method, results, and limitations’, Natural Hazards; 52 (3): 561-575.

Korup O (2005), ‘Geomorphic hazard assessment of landslide dams in South Westland, Nez Zealand: Fundamental problems and approaches’, Geomorphology; 66: 167-188.

Kuroiwa J (2008), ‘Integrated Natural Risk Reduction through a Sustainable Cities Programme’, World; 61-67.

Lu GY, Chiu LS, and Wong DW (2007), ‘Vulnerability assessment of rainfall-induced debris flows in Taiwan’, Natural Hazards; 43 (2): 223-244.

Marzocchi W, Mastellone ML, and Di Ruocco A (2009), ‘Principles of multi-risk assessment: Interaction amongst natural and man-induced risks’, European Commission; EU 23615.

MATRIX (2010), ‘MATRIX – New Multi-Hazard and Multi-Risk Assessment Methods for Europe’.

Merz B, Friedrich J, Disse M, et al. (2006), ‘Possibilities and Limitations of Interdisciplinary, User-oriented Research: Experiences from the German Research Network Natural Disasters’, Natural Hazards; 38 (1-2): 3-20.

Mora S, and Vahrson M (1994), ‘Macrozonation Methodology for Landslide Hazard Determination’,Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologista; XXXI (1): 49-58.

Motter AE (2004), ‘Cascade Control and Defense in Complex Networks’, Physical Review Letters; 93 (9): 1-4.

Nadim F, Kjekstad O, Peduzzi P, Herold C, and Jaedicke (2006), ‘Global landslide and avalanche hotspots’, Landslides; 3: 159-173.

Newman MEJ, and Palmer RG. (1999), ’Models of Extinction: A Review’.

Pasquare F, and Pozzetti M (2007), ‘Geological hazards, disasters and the media: The Italian case study’, Quaternary International; 173-174: 166-171.

Paton D (2008), ‘Risk communication and natural hazard mitigation: how trust influences its effectiveness’, International Journal of Global Environmental Issues; 8 (1/2): 2.

Peduzzi P, Dao H, Herold C, and Mouton F (2009), ‘Assessing global exposure and vulnerability towards natural hazards : the Disaster Risk Index’, Earth: 1149-1159.

Perry R, and Lindell M (2008), ‘Volcanic risk perception and adjustment in a multi-hazard environment’,Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research; 172 (3-4): 170-178.

Petrucci O, Polemio M, and Pasqua AA (2009), ‘Analysis of Damaging Hydrogeological Events: The Case of the Calabria Region (Southern Italy)’, Environmental Management; 43: 483-495.

Ploeger SK, Atkinson GM, and Samson C (2009), ‘Applying the HAZUS-MH software tool to assess seismic risk in downtown Ottawa, Canada’, Natural Hazards; 53 (1): 1-20.

Porter K (2009), ‘Cracking an Open Safe: HAZUS Vulnerability Functions in Terms of Structure-Independent Spectral Acceleration’, Earthquake Spectra; 25 (2): 361.

Porter K (2010), ‘Cracking an Open Safe: Uncertainty in HAZUS-Based Seismic Vulnerability Functions’,Earthquake Spectra; 26 (3): 893.

Renn O (1992), ‘Risk communication: Towards a rational discourse with the public’, Journal of Hazardous Materials; 29 (3): 465-519.

RiskRED, (2008), ‘Concept Note: Formal and Informal Education for Disaster Risk Reduction’, Knowledge Creation Diffusion Utilization (May).

RiskScape (2011), About RiskScape. Available at: www.riskscape.org.nz [Accessed 3 May 2011]

Rodriguez CE, Bommer JJ, and Chandler RJ (1999), ‘Earthquake-induced landslides : 1980-1997’, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering; 18: 325-346.

Rohrmann B (1998), ‘Assessing hazard information/communication programs’, Australian Psychologist; 33 (2): 105-112.

Scawthorn C, Blais N, Seligson H, et al. (2006), ‘HAZUS-MH Flood Loss Estimation Methodology. I: Overview and Flood Hazard Characterization’, Natural Hazards Review; 7 (2): 60.

Scawthorn C, Flores P, Blais N, et al. (2006), ‘HAZUS-MH Flood Loss Estimation Methodology. II. Damage and Loss Assessment’, Natural Hazards Review; 7 (2): 72.

Shalizi CR (2006), ‘Chapter 1: Methods and techniques of complex systems science: an overview’: 1-96.

Shi P (2005), ‘Theory and Practice on Disaster System Research’, Paper for the Fifth Annual IIASA-DPRI Forum.

Shi P, Shuai J, Chen W, and Lu L (2010), ‘Study on the Risk Assessment and Risk Transfer Mode of Large Scale Disasters’, Earth Surface Processes.

Smith and Petley, (2009), Environmental hazards: assessing risk and reducing disaster, 5th edition, Routledge.

Smith CF, Thuman R, Kain DJ, and Ward H (2007), ‘Emergency Communication: Case Study of Problematics in Public Discourse Regarding Hurricane Risks and Hazards’, 2007 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference: 1-6.

Smith WJ (2008), ‘Hazard Responses on Small Islands’, IEEE Technology And Society Magazine: 39-47.

Thierry P, Stieltjes L, Kouokam E, Nguéya P, and Salley PM (2008), ‘Multi-hazard risk mapping and assessment on an active volcano: the GRINP project at Mount Cameroon’, Natural Hazards; 45 (3): 429-456.

Tralli D, Blom R, Zlotnicki V, Donnellan A, and Evans D (2005), ‘Satellite remote sensing of earthquake, volcano, flood, landslide and coastal inundation hazards’, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; 59 (4): 185-198.

UNDP (United Nations Development Program), (2004), ‘Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development’, UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, New York, 146pp.

Vickery PJ, Lin J, Skerlj PF, Twisdale L A, and Huang K (2006), ‘HAZUS-MH Hurricane Model Methodology. I: Hurricane Hazard, Terrain, and Wind Load Modeling’, Natural Hazards Review; 7 (2): 82.

Vickery PJ, Skerlj PF, Lin J, et al. (2006), ‘HAZUS-MH Hurricane Model Methodology. II: Damage and Loss Estimation’, Natural Hazards Review; 7 (2): 94.

Xu Q, Fan X-M, and Huang R-Q (2009), ‘Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China’, Bull Eng Geol Environ; 68: 373-386.

Zou L-L, and Wei Y-M (2010), ‘Driving factors for social vulnerability to coastal hazards in Southeast Asia: results from the meta-analysis’, Natural Hazards; 54 (3): 901-929.